// C++ Program to demonstrate the working of // getline() push_back() and pop_back() #include    #include  // for string class using namespace std; // Driver Code int main() {  // Declaring string  string str;  // Taking string input using getline()  getline(cin str);  // Displaying string  cout << 'The initial string is : ';  cout << str << endl;  // Inserting a character  str.push_back('s');  // Displaying string  cout << 'The string after push_back operation is : ';  cout << str << endl;  // Deleting a character  str.pop_back();  // Displaying string  cout << 'The string after pop_back operation is : ';  cout << str << endl;  return 0; } 

// C++ Program to demonstrate the working of // capacity() resize() and shrink_to_fit() #include    #include  // for string class using namespace std; // Driver Code int main() {  // Initializing string  string str = 'geeksforgeeks is for geeks';  // Displaying string  cout << 'The initial string is : ';  cout << str << endl;  // Resizing string using resize()  str.resize(13);  // Displaying string  cout << 'The string after resize operation is : ';  cout << str << endl;  // Displaying capacity of string  cout << 'The capacity of string is : ';  cout << str.capacity() << endl;  // Displaying length of the string  cout << 'The length of the string is :' << str.length()  << endl;  // Decreasing the capacity of string  // using shrink_to_fit()  str.shrink_to_fit();  // Displaying string  cout << 'The new capacity after shrinking is : ';  cout << str.capacity() << endl;  return 0; } 

// C++ Program to demonstrate the working of // begin() end() rbegin() rend() cbegin() cend() crbegin() crend() #include    #include  // for string class using namespace std; // Driver Code int main() {  // Initializing string`  string str = 'geeksforgeeks';  // Declaring iterator  std::string::iterator it;  // Declaring reverse iterator  std::string::reverse_iterator it1;  cout<<'Str:'<<str<<'n';  // Displaying string  cout << 'The string using forward iterators is : ';  for (it = str.begin(); it != str.end(); it++){  if(it == str.begin()) *it='G';  cout << *it;  }  cout << endl;  str = 'geeksforgeeks';  // Displaying reverse string  cout << 'The reverse string using reverse iterators is '  ': ';  for (it1 = str.rbegin(); it1 != str.rend(); it1++){  if(it1 == str.rbegin()) *it1='S';  cout << *it1;  }  cout << endl;    str = 'geeksforgeeks';  //Displaying String  cout<<'The string using constant forward iterator is :';  for(auto it2 = str.cbegin(); it2!=str.cend(); it2++){  //if(it2 == str.cbegin()) *it2='G';  //here modification is NOT Possible  //error: assignment of read-only location   //As it is a pointer to the const content but we can inc/dec-rement the iterator  cout<<*it2;  }  cout<<'n';    str = 'geeksforgeeks';  //Displaying String in reverse  cout<<'The reverse string using constant reverse iterator is :';  for(auto it3 = str.crbegin(); it3!=str.crend(); it3++){  //if(it2 == str.cbegin()) *it2='S';  //here modification is NOT Possible  //error: assignment of read-only location   //As it is a pointer to the const content but we can inc/dec-rement the iterator  cout<<*it3;  }  cout<<'n';  return 0; } //Code modified by Balakrishnan R (rbkraj000) 

// C++ Program to demonstrate the working of // copy() and swap() #include    #include  // for string class using namespace std; // Driver Code int main() {  // Initializing 1st string  string str1 = 'geeksforgeeks is for geeks';  // Declaring 2nd string  string str2 = 'geeksforgeeks rocks';  // Declaring character array  char ch[80];  // using copy() to copy elements into char array  // copies 'geeksforgeeks'  str1.copy(ch 13 0);  // Displaying char array  cout << 'The new copied character array is : ';  cout << ch << endl;  // Displaying strings before swapping  cout << 'The 1st string before swapping is : ';  cout << str1 << endl;  cout << 'The 2nd string before swapping is : ';  cout << str2 << endl;  // using swap() to swap string content  str1.swap(str2);  // Displaying strings after swapping  cout << 'The 1st string after swapping is : ';  cout << str1 << endl;  cout << 'The 2nd string after swapping is : ';  cout << str2 << endl;  return 0; }