المتطلب السابق - مقدمة التجزئة Hashtable باستخدام قائمة مرتبطة منفردة & تنفيذ جدول التجزئة الخاص بنا مع تسلسل منفصل في Java يشبه تنفيذ جدول التجزئة باستخدام التسلسل من خلال القائمة المرتبطة بشكل مزدوج التنفيذ Hashtable باستخدام قائمة مرتبطة منفردة . والفرق الوحيد هو أن كل عقدة في القائمة المرتبطة لها عنوان العقدة التالية والسابقة. سيؤدي هذا إلى تسريع عملية إضافة وإزالة العناصر من القائمة وبالتالي سيتم تقليل تعقيد الوقت بشكل كبير.
مثال:
إذا كان لدينا قائمة مرتبطة منفردة:
1->2->3->4إذا كنا في 3 وكانت هناك حاجة لإزالتها، فيجب ربط 2 بـ 4 ومن 3 2 لا يمكن الوصول إليها لأنها قائمة مرتبطة بشكل فردي. لذلك يجب اجتياز القائمة مرة أخرى، أي O(n) ولكن إذا كان لدينا قائمة مرتبطة بشكل مضاعف، أي
1<->2<->3<->4يمكن الوصول إلى 2 و 4 من 3 وبالتالي في O (1) يمكن إزالة 3.
وفيما يلي تنفيذ النهج المذكور أعلاه:
C++// C++ implementation of Hashtable // using doubly linked list #include using namespace std; const int tablesize = 25; // declaration of node struct hash_node { int val key; hash_node* next; hash_node* prev; }; // hashmap's declaration class HashMap { public: hash_node **hashtable **top; // constructor HashMap() { // create a empty hashtable hashtable = new hash_node*[tablesize]; top = new hash_node*[tablesize]; for (int i = 0; i < tablesize; i++) { hashtable[i] = NULL; top[i] = NULL; } } // destructor ~HashMap() { delete[] hashtable; } // hash function definition int HashFunc(int key) { return key % tablesize; } // searching method void find(int key) { // Applying hashFunc to find // index for given key int hash_val = HashFunc(key); bool flag = false; hash_node* entry = hashtable[hash_val]; // if hashtable at that index has some // values stored if (entry != NULL) { while (entry != NULL) { if (entry->key == key) { flag = true; } if (flag) { cout << 'Element found at key ' << key << ': '; cout << entry->val << endl; } entry = entry->next; } } if (!flag) cout << 'No Element found at key ' << key << endl; } // removing an element void remove(int key) { // Applying hashFunc to find // index for given key int hash_val = HashFunc(key); hash_node* entry = hashtable[hash_val]; if (entry->key != key || entry == NULL) { cout << 'Couldn't find any element at this key ' << key << endl; return; } // if some values are present at that key & // traversing the list and removing all values while (entry != NULL) { if (entry->next == NULL) { if (entry->prev == NULL) { hashtable[hash_val] = NULL; top[hash_val] = NULL; delete entry; break; } else { top[hash_val] = entry->prev; top[hash_val]->next = NULL; delete entry; entry = top[hash_val]; } } entry = entry->next; } cout << 'Element was successfully removed at the key ' << key << endl; } // inserting method void add(int key int value) { // Applying hashFunc to find // index for given key int hash_val = HashFunc(key); hash_node* entry = hashtable[hash_val]; // if key has no value stored if (entry == NULL) { // creating new node entry = new hash_node; entry->val = value; entry->key = key; entry->next = NULL; entry->prev = NULL; hashtable[hash_val] = entry; top[hash_val] = entry; } // if some values are present else { // traversing till the end of // the list while (entry != NULL) entry = entry->next; // creating the new node entry = new hash_node; entry->val = value; entry->key = key; entry->next = NULL; entry->prev = top[hash_val]; top[hash_val]->next = entry; top[hash_val] = entry; } cout << 'Value ' << value << ' was successfully' ' added at key ' << key << endl; } }; // Driver Code int main() { HashMap hash; hash.add(4 5); hash.find(4); hash.remove(4); return 0; }
Java // Java implementation of Hashtable // using doubly linked list class GFG { static final int tablesize = 25; // declaration of node static class hash_node { int val key; hash_node next; hash_node prev; } // hashmap's declaration static class HashMap { hash_node hashtable[] top[]; // constructor HashMap() { // create a empty hashtable hashtable = new hash_node[tablesize]; top = new hash_node[tablesize]; for (int i = 0; i < tablesize; i++) { hashtable[i] = null; top[i] = null; } } // hash function definition int HashFunc(int key) { return key % tablesize; } // searching method void find(int key) { // Applying hashFunc to find // index for given key int hash_val = HashFunc(key); boolean flag = false; hash_node entry = hashtable[hash_val]; // if hashtable at that index has some // values stored if (entry != null) { while (entry != null) { if (entry.key == key) { flag = true; } if (flag) { System.out.println( 'Element found at key ' + key + ': ' + entry.val); } entry = entry.next; } } if (!flag) System.out.println( 'No Element found at key ' + key); } // removing an element void remove(int key) { // Applying hashFunc to find // index for given key int hash_val = HashFunc(key); hash_node entry = hashtable[hash_val]; if (entry.key != key || entry == null) { System.out.println( 'Couldn't find any element at this key ' + key); return; } // if some values are present at that key & // traversing the list and removing all values while (entry != null) { if (entry.next == null) { if (entry.prev == null) { hashtable[hash_val] = null; top[hash_val] = null; break; } else { top[hash_val] = entry.prev; top[hash_val].next = null; entry = top[hash_val]; } } entry = entry.next; } System.out.println( 'Element was successfully removed at the key ' + key); } // inserting method void add(int key int value) { // Applying hashFunc to find // index for given key int hash_val = HashFunc(key); hash_node entry = hashtable[hash_val]; // if key has no value stored if (entry == null) { // creating new node entry = new hash_node(); entry.val = value; entry.key = key; entry.next = null; entry.prev = null; hashtable[hash_val] = entry; top[hash_val] = entry; } // if some values are present else { // traversing till the end of // the list while (entry != null) entry = entry.next; // creating the new node entry = new hash_node(); entry.val = value; entry.key = key; entry.next = null; entry.prev = top[hash_val]; top[hash_val].next = entry; top[hash_val] = entry; } System.out.println( 'Value ' + value + ' was successfully added at key ' + key); } } // Driver Code public static void main(String[] args) { HashMap hash = new HashMap(); hash.add(4 5); hash.find(4); hash.remove(4); } } // This code is contributed by Lovely Jain
Python3 # Python implementation of Hashtable # using doubly linked list # declaration of node class hash_node: def __init__(self val key): self.val = val self.key = key self.next = None self.prev = None # hashmap's declaration class HashMap: def __init__(self): # create an empty hashtable self.tablesize = 25 self.hashtable = [None] * self.tablesize self.top = [None] * self.tablesize # hash function definition def HashFunc(self key): return key % self.tablesize # searching method def find(self key): # Applying hashFunc to find # index for given key hash_val = self.HashFunc(key) flag = False entry = self.hashtable[hash_val] # if hashtable at that index has some # values stored if entry is not None: while entry is not None: if entry.key == key: flag = True if flag: print('Element found at key' key ':' entry.val) entry = entry.next if not flag: print('No Element found at key' key) # removing an element def remove(self key): # Applying hashFunc to find # index for given key hash_val = self.HashFunc(key) entry = self.hashtable[hash_val] if entry is None or entry.key != key: print('Couldn't find any element at this key' key) return # if some values are present at that key & # traversing the list and removing all values while entry is not None: if entry.next is None: if entry.prev is None: self.hashtable[hash_val] = None self.top[hash_val] = None del entry break else: self.top[hash_val] = entry.prev self.top[hash_val].next = None del entry entry = self.top[hash_val] entry = entry.next print('Element was successfully removed at the key' key) # inserting method def add(self key value): # Applying hashFunc to find # index for given key hash_val = self.HashFunc(key) entry = self.hashtable[hash_val] # if key has no value stored if entry is None: # creating new node entry = hash_node(value key) self.hashtable[hash_val] = entry self.top[hash_val] = entry # if some values are present else: # traversing till the end of # the list while entry.next is not None: entry = entry.next # creating the new node new_entry = hash_node(value key) new_entry.prev = entry entry.next = new_entry self.top[hash_val] = new_entry print('Value' value 'was successfully added at key' key) # Driver Code if __name__ == '__main__': hash_map = HashMap() hash_map.add(4 5) hash_map.find(4) hash_map.remove(4)
C++ // Java implementation of Hashtable using doubly linked list class GFG { static final int tablesize = 25; // declaration of node static class hash_node { int val key; hash_node next; hash_node prev; } // hashmap's declaration static class HashMap { hash_node hashtable[] top[]; // constructor HashMap(){ // create a empty hashtable hashtable = new hash_node[tablesize]; top = new hash_node[tablesize]; for (int i = 0; i < tablesize; i++) { hashtable[i] = null; top[i] = null; } } // hash function definition int HashFunc(int key) { return key % tablesize; } // searching method void find(int key) { // Applying hashFunc to find index for given key int hash_val = HashFunc(key); boolean flag = false; hash_node entry = hashtable[hash_val]; // if hashtable at that index has some values stored if (entry != null) { while (entry != null) { if (entry.key == key) flag = true; if (flag) { System.out.println('Element found at key ' + key+ ': ' + entry.val); } entry = entry.next; } } if (!flag) System.out.println('No Element found at key ' + key); } // removing an element void remove(int key) { // Applying hashFunc to find index for given key int hash_val = HashFunc(key); hash_node entry = hashtable[hash_val]; if (entry.key != key || entry == null) { System.out.println('Couldn't find any element at this key '+ key); return; } // if some values are present at that key & traversing the list and removing all values while (entry != null) { if (entry.next == null) { if (entry.prev == null) { hashtable[hash_val] = null; top[hash_val] = null; break; } else { top[hash_val] = entry.prev; top[hash_val].next = null; entry = top[hash_val]; } } entry = entry.next; } System.out.println( 'Element was successfully removed at the key ' + key); } // inserting method void add(int key int value) { // Applying hashFunc to find index for given key int hash_val = HashFunc(key); hash_node entry = hashtable[hash_val]; // if key has no value stored if (entry == null) { // creating new node entry = new hash_node(); entry.val = value; entry.key = key; entry.next = null; entry.prev = null; hashtable[hash_val] = entry; top[hash_val] = entry; } // if some values are present else { // traversing till the end of // the list while (entry != null) entry = entry.next; // creating the new node entry = new hash_node(); entry.val = value; entry.key = key; entry.next = null; entry.prev = top[hash_val]; top[hash_val].next = entry; top[hash_val] = entry; } System.out.println( 'Value ' + value + ' was successfully added at key ' + key); } } // Driver Code public static void main(String[] args) { HashMap hash = new HashMap(); hash.add(4 5); hash.find(4); hash.remove(4); } } // This code is contributed by Lovely Jain
JavaScript // JavaScript implementation of Hashtable using doubly linked list const tablesize = 25; // declaration of node class hash_node { constructor(key val) { this.key = key; this.val = val; this.next = null; this.prev = null; } } // hashmap's declaration class HashMap { constructor() { // create a empty hashtable this.hashtable = new Array(tablesize).fill(null); this.top = new Array(tablesize).fill(null); } // hash function definition HashFunc(key) { return key % tablesize; } // searching method find(key) { // Applying hashFunc to find index for given key const hash_val = this.HashFunc(key); let flag = false; let entry = this.hashtable[hash_val]; // if hashtable at that index has some values stored if (entry !== null) { while (entry !== null) { if (entry.key === key) flag = true; if (flag) { console.log(`Element found at key ${key}: ${entry.val}`); } entry = entry.next; } } if (!flag) console.log(`No Element found at key ${key}`); } // removing an element remove(key) { // Applying hashFunc to find index for given key const hash_val = this.HashFunc(key); let entry = this.hashtable[hash_val]; if (entry.key !== key || entry === null) { console.log(`Couldn't find any element at this key ${key}`); return; } // if some values are present at that key & traversing the list and removing all values while (entry !== null) { if (entry.next === null) { if (entry.prev === null) { this.hashtable[hash_val] = null; this.top[hash_val] = null; break; } else { this.top[hash_val] = entry.prev; this.top[hash_val].next = null; entry = this.top[hash_val]; } } entry = entry.next; } console.log(`Element was successfully removed at the key ${key}`); } // inserting method add(key value) { // Applying hashFunc to find index for given key const hash_val = this.HashFunc(key); let entry = this.hashtable[hash_val]; // if key has no value stored if (entry === null) { // creating new node entry = new hash_node(key value); this.hashtable[hash_val] = entry; this.top[hash_val] = entry; } // if some values are present else { // traversing till the end of the list while (entry !== null) entry = entry.next; // creating the new node entry = new hash_node(key value); entry.prev = this.top[hash_val]; this.top[hash_val].next = entry; this.top[hash_val] = entry; } console.log(`Value ${value} was successfully added at key ${key}`); } } // Driver Code const hash = new HashMap(); hash.add(4 5); hash.find(4); hash.remove(4);
الإخراج
Value 5 was successfully added at key 4 Element found at key 4: 5 Element was successfully removed at the key 4إنشاء اختبار